[17] Dessalines tried hard to keep the sugar industry and plantations running and producing without slavery. The French government had been through changes and was led by Napoleon Bonaparte, whose wife, Josephine de Beauharnais, was part of a slave-owning family. (509) 2817 3555, Les secrets de la prospérité du royame de Christophe, Le Calendrier des fêtes champêtres du Nord et du Nord-Est, Célébration de la Ste Élizabeth / Caracol, PÈLERINAGE PATRIOTIQUE DES JEUNES À MILOT, DES REVELATIONS SUR LA MORT DE DESSALINES, Le plaisir de pratiquer du Kayak à Fort- Liberté, VISITEZ BASSIN MANBO, UNE MERVEILLE DE LA NATURE, FOIRE MANIA AU CAP-HAïTIEN, ce 1er MAI 2019, LES 7 CAUSES DE LA MORT DE L’EMPEREUR JEAN-JACQUES DESSALINES, La politique de justice sociale qu’il a prônée allait à l’encontre des desiderata des anciens libres, La nationalisation des terres qu’il a décidée et qui a fait de l’état le seul vrai propriétaire, La vérification des titres de propriété qu’il a décrétée a permis à l’état haïtien de déposséder, Le contrôle direct et strict qu’exerçait Dessalines sur le commerce extérieur lui valut aussi des. Working in the sugarcane fields as a laborer, Dessalines rose to the rank of commandeur, or foreman. Un système politique La foule s’est acharnée sur le cadavre dont les restes méconnaissables furent rassemblés dans un sac par une vieille folle nommée Défilée qui les transporta de nuit au cimetière de l’intérieur où l’on fit ériger un modeste tombeau portant l’épitaphe : «Ci-gît Dessalines, mort à 48 ans». [14] Dessalines then promulgated the Declaration of Independence in 1804, and declared himself emperor.[15]. Empereur d'Haïti (1804-1806), né vers 1758, en Afrique (actuelle Guinée), mort le 17 octobre 1806 à Jean-Jacques Dessalines (né le 20 septembre 1758 à Grande-Rivière-du-Nord – assassiné le 17 octobre 1806 à Pont-Rouge) est le dirigeant de la Révolution haïtienne et le premier Empereur d’Haïti (1804–1806) sous le nom de Jacques Ier. Mais peut-on lui en vouloir d’avoir Mais si l’illustration a voulu prendre à témoin la mort de l’Empereur, c’est que la version du guet-apens n’a pas été acceptée. He directed the creation of a new constitution to establish that, as well as rules for how the colony would operate under freedom. Les Vaincus n’écriront jamais l’histoire des vainqueurs. The Haitian humanitarian organization Fondasyon Félicité (FF), established in 1999 by Bayyinah Bello, is named after Dessalines' spouse Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité. Sous Dessalines, Haïti est devenu le premier pays à abolir définitivement l'esclavage. Doit-on le condamner d’avoir opté pour le renforcement endogène de son Cependant, d’autres ont fait une analyse plus profonde des causes The French responded by dispatching an expeditionary force to restore French rule to the island, an army and ships led by General Charles Leclerc. The second was the father of Maréchal de Camp Monsieur Dessalines, created 1st Baron de Joseph Dessalines in 1816, chamberlain to Prince Jacques-Victor Henry, the Prince Royal of Haiti, and major of the Grenadiers de la Garde, who received the degree of Knight of the Order of St. Henry on 28 October 1815. Dessalines followed, becoming a chief lieutenant to Toussaint Louverture and rising to the rank of brigadier general by 1799. He defeated a French army at the Battle of Vertières in 1803. Dessalines kept this name in freedom. pays et d’avoir priorisé les intérêts supérieurs d’Haïti au détriment des appétits individuels ? [3] In September 1804, he was proclaimed emperor by the Generals of the Haitian Revolution Army and ruled in that capacity until being assassinated in 1806.[4]. pouvoir absolu. utilisé les faibles ressources économiques de la nation haïtienne dans la construction de forteresses The death toll was estimated to be between 3,000 and 5,000 people of all ages and sexes.[19]. Dessalines enforced a harsh regimen of plantation labor, described by the historian Michel-Rolph Trouillot as caporalisme agraire (agrarian militarism). Cependant, d’autres ont fait une analyse plus profonde des causes une perte terrible: Dessalines est mort du complot orchestré par les. After the Battle of Crête-à-Pierrot, Dessalines defected from his long-time ally Louverture and briefly sided with Leclerc, Pétion, and Rigaud. Elle n'est plus drôle puisque notre vie de peuple est menacée. The armed Haitian juggernaut advanced sweeping everything in its path. Louverture wanted Saint-Domingue to have more autonomy. suivantes : On peut certes reprocher à Dessalines son radicalisme, certains aspects de sa gouvernance et son C\'est un homme radical dans l\'action « Coupe tèt, boule kay ». The slave Jean-Jacques was bought by a free black man named Dessalines, who assigned his own surname to him. It was then that Dessalines met the rising military commander Toussaint Bréda (later known as Toussaint Louverture), a mature man also born into slavery, who was fighting with Spanish forces on Hispaniola. His forces were strict in enforcing this, to the extent that some blacks felt as if they were again enslaved. In 1791, along with thousands of other enslaved persons, Jean-Jacques Dessalines joined the slave rebellion of the northern plains led by Jean François Papillon and Georges Biassou. Son refus de créer une noblesse lui attira l’animosité de la plupart de ses principaux généraux, Le caporalisme agraire, qu’il a instauré et qui soumet les cultivateurs noirs à des règlements de, Le choix de son fils ainé, Jacques Dessalines, comme son successeur désigné a poussé certains. Jean-Jacques Dessalines (Haitian Creole: Jan-Jak Desalin; French pronunciation: ​[ʒɑ̃ ʒak dɛsalin]; 20 September 1758 – 17 October 1806) was a leader of the Haitian Revolution and the first ruler of an independent Haiti under the 1805 constitution. As Toussaint Louverture's principal lieutenant, he led many successful engagements, including the Battle of Crête-à-Pierrot. Erl Jean-Pierre a reconnu que Dessalines est né à Cormier, l’année de la mort de Mackandal (1758), selon ce qu’il appelle « une chronologie concordante ». Mercredi 24 janvier 2018 ((rezonodwes.com))-- Jean Jacques Dessalines est né esclave, mais cela ne l`a pas empêché de devenir empereur de la première république noire, jusqu`a sa mort. Dessalines un génie militaire Le passé militaire de Jean-Jacques est séduisant. He ordered the 1804 Haiti massacre of French settlers in Haiti, resulting in the deaths of between 3,000 and 5,000 people, but declared that the Polish foreign mercenaries who defected from the French Legion could remain in the new country. Pont rouge à cause de ce drame sanglant. He had served as Governor-General of Saint-Domingue since 30 November 1803. Nonetheless, the rebels were able to force their way through the enemy lines and into the Cahos Mountains, with their army still largely intact.[9]. From then on he was called Jean-Jacques Dessalines. En effet, l’équilibre entre anciens libres et nouveaux libres, entre mulâtres et noirs, est rompu avec l’assassinat de Dessalines du 17 octobre 1806. Il enterrait ses victimes vivantes, les empalant debout à la baïonnette; sa propre spécialité qui fut appelée simplement Baionettes; couper et tirer les plus chanceux. Napoleon was committed to restoring slavery in Saint-Domingue.[8]. After the defeat of French royalists during the Haitian Revolution, he ordered the killing of all royalists to ensure that Saint-Domingue would be a nation. penchant à réprimer dans le sang tous ceux qui s’opposaient à lui. Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History. Yvon Charles After the betrayal and capture of Toussaint Louverture in 1802, Dessalines became the leader of the revolution. However, by the beginning of the 20th century, Dessalines began to be reassessed as an icon of Haitian nationalism. Toussaint Louverture's forces had defeated them three years earlier. 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution, Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199730414/obo-9780199730414-0253.xml, "Jean-Jacques Dessalines and the Atlantic System: A Reappraisal", The Monroe doctrine in its relation to the republic of Haiti, Donatien-Marie-Joseph de Vimeur, vicomte de Rochambeau, Philibert François Rouxel de Blanchelande, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean-Jacques_Dessalines&oldid=1020264092, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from October 2020, All articles needing additional references, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from June 2020, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 28 April 2021, at 03:48. Dessalines believed in the tight regulation of foreign trade, which was essential for Haiti's sugar and coffee based export economy. The first was the father of Maréchal de Camp Monsieur Raymond Dessalines, created 1st Baron de Louis Dessalines on 8 April 1811, aide-de-camp to King Henry I, privy councillor, secretary-general of the Ministry of War between 1811 and 1820 and member of the Royal Chamber of Public Instruction between 1818 and 1820, who received the degree of Knight of the Order of St. Henry on 1 May 1811. By November 1802, Dessalines had become the leader of the alliance [light skinned free coloreds] with the blessing of the most prominent of free coloreds, mulatto general Alexandre Pétion. Vous savez où se trouve la tombe de Jean-jacques Dessalines ? L’Histoire, nous ne savons quelle version, nous rapporte un assassinat politique sur fonds de zizanies et de divergences de perspective. Pour justifier l’assassinat de l’empereur Jean Jacques Dessalines des historiens haïtiens ont retenu sa Sclérose mentale aidant, les tontons macoutes prétendent aussi qu’il existe un loa Duvalier baptisé loa 22 zo. Dessalines est mort pour rien, car son sang n’a pas été capable de redonner vie aux morts-vivants ! Victoria Montou, femme énergique, s'en trouvera astreinte quotidiennement au rude labeur des champs. As had Toussaint Louverture, Dessalines demanded that all blacks work either as soldiers to defend the nation or as labourers on the plantations to raise crops and help sustain the nation. L’homme généreux connaîtra une prospérité sans fin alors que l’avare ne rencontrera jamais de compassion. La bataille de Vertières s'est déroulée à Vertières près du Cap-Français dans le Nord d’Haïti), le 18 novembre 1803.Elle oppose les troupes commandées par le général de Rochambeau (envoyé par Napoléon) à celles du général Jean-Jacques Dessalines.Ce fut la dernière bataille de l'expédition de Saint-Domingue. In 1794, after the French declared an end to slavery, Toussaint Louverture switched allegiances to the French. 17 Octobre 1806, coup de tonnerre en Haïti, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, le Père de la patrie haïtienne est assassiné à la suite d’un complot ourdi par des généraux haïtiens dont Pétion et Christophe. This rebellion was the first action of what would become the Haitian Revolution. tyrannie sa mauvaise gouvernance. Taking the last name of the person who owned his mother at the time, Jean-Jacques Duclos was born into slavery on Cormier, a plantation near Grande-Riviere-du-Nord. Dessalines commanded many successful engagements, including the captures of Jacmel, Petit-Goâve, Miragoâne and Anse-à-Veau. Il avait … Bob Corbet, "A Brief History of Dessalines". Yet another account recalls a brutal attack on him by his men. Quoi qu’il en soit, il faut tirer comme conclusion de ces actes qu’à partir d’octobre 1787, ce n’est plus à Philippe Jasmin qu’appartiennent la petite caféière louée par Toussaint au Petit-Cormier et ses esclaves, puisqu’il est décédé, mais à Janvier Dessalines, nouvel époux de sa veuve, ce qui nous oblige à reconsidérer avec plus d’attention la présence de l’esclave prénommé Jean-Jacques lorsqu’on se souvient que Dessalines … On 22 May 1802, after Dessalines "learned that Louverture had failed to instruct a local rebel leader to lay down his arms per the recent ceasefire agreement, he immediately Dessalines was at least partially responsible for Louverture's arrest, as asserted by several authors, including Louverture's own son Isaac. On 20 May 1805, his government released the Imperial Constitution, naming Jean-Jacques Dessalines emperor for life with the right to name his successor. In declaring Haiti an independent country, Dessalines also abolished slavery in the new country. Some historians[who?] Médiateur Social & Culturel believe these men were soldiers of Dessalines. D'origine africaine (afro-caribéen), il est d'abord esclave à Saint-Domingue dans l'habitation d'Henri Duclos. He worked for that master for about three years, until the slave uprising of 1791, which spread across the Plaine du Nord. Initially regarded as governor-general, Dessalines was later named Emperor of Haiti as Jacques I (1804–1806) by generals of the Haitian Revolution Army and ruled in that capacity until being assassinated in 1806. Dessalines a fait subir à ses victimes les tortures les plus atroces et les plus horribles morts. The brutal tactics of Leclerc's successor, Rochambeau, helped to unify rebel forces against the French. Pour justifier l’assassinat de l’empereur Jean Jacques Dessalines des historiens haïtiens ont retenu sa tyrannie sa mauvaise gouvernance. Louverture and Dessalines fought against the invading French forces, with Dessalines defeating them at the battle for which he is most famous, Crête-à-Pierrot. On 4 December 1803, the French colonial army of Napoleon Bonaparte surrendered its last remaining territory to Dessalines' forces. [13], In the process, Dessalines became arguably the most successful military commander in the struggle against Napoleonic France. The rebellious slaves were able to restore most of Saint-Domingue to France, with Louverture in control and finally appointed by the French as governor-general of the colony. For his administration, Dessalines needed literate and educated officials and managers. Tout Shortly after his death, many men on the island changed their last names from their slave names to "Jean-Jacques" in honour of Dessalines. Un système politique de second ordre d’une ténacité particulière s’installe. Nous avons plus ou moins expliqué les raisons d'un tel serment. Dessalines and Christophe went after them at the head of 20,000 men. OGDNH He is regarded as one of the founding fathers of Haiti. [22] The mob desecrated and disfigured his remains, which were abandoned on Government Square. [5] His father had adopted the surname from his owner Henri Duclos. Cap-Haïtien, Haïti, Appelez nous aujourd'hui! Under Dessalines, Haiti became the first country to permanently abolish slavery. Dessalines est mort pour rien, car son sang n’a pas été capable de redonner vie aux morts-vivants ! "Chapter XVI of. Il y a 210 ans, le premier Empereur d’Haïti est assassiné. From, W. M. Wells Brown, "The Rising Son". toujours d’actualité. He worked on Duclos's plantation until he was about 30 years old. pour la défense de son pays ? [9] The defenders inflicted heavy casualties on the attacking army, but after a 20-day siege they were forced to abandon the fort due to a shortage of food and munitions. The French force numbered perhaps 500 and the local colonial militia had no more than 1000 men. Initially regarded as governor-general, Dessalines was later named Emperor of Haiti as Jacques I (1804–1806) by generals of the Haitian Revolution Army and ruled in that capacity until being assassinated in 1806. The exact circumstances of his death are uncertain. S’ils le font, c’est d’une manière hideuse, tronquée et falsifiée, pour … [12] His forces achieved a series of victories against the French, culminating in the last major battle of the revolution, the Battle of Vertières. For the remainder of the 19th century, Dessalines was generally reviled by generations of Haitians for his autocratic ways. Dans le document susmentionné, Dessalines aurait même participé à la construction de l’église de la Croix-des-Missions. Ce qui prouve que ce n’est pas la naissance d’une personne qui… [3] Dessalines declared Haiti an all-black nation and forbade whites from owning property or land there. He also named himself governor-for-life, while still swearing his loyalty to France. Le récit de sa mort, particulièrement brutale, figure dans un article de Monsieur Edgar La Selve, paru dans le journal de voyages Le Tour du Monde en 1879 (7). Dessalines fut lâchement et brutalement assassiné le 17 octobre 1806 au Pont Lanarge qui est devenu Écrit par: Jean-Jacques Dessalines (1758-1806) est le Héros de la Révolution haïtienne et premier Empereur d’Haïti sous le nom de Jacques Ier. Dessalines had two brothers, Louis and Joseph Duclos, who also later took the name Dessalines. Ce 17 octobre marque le 210 e anniversaire de l’assassinat de Jean Jacques Dessalines. With victory secured and thus the brutal war concluded, Jean-Jacques Dessalines would promptly order the execution of all French people on the island (including those of Creole or mixed race descent). On 1 January 1804, from the city of Gonaïves, Dessalines officially declared the former colony's independence and renamed it "Ayiti" after the indigenous Taíno name. Facultatif : transmettez-nous également les coordonnées GPS de l'emplacement exact de la sépulture de Jean-jacques Dessalines. For this action, Dessalines and his spouse received gifts from Jean Baptiste Brunet.[10]. In the town of Moca, one of the places that fell to Christophe, 40 children were beheaded; altogether more than 600 perished or were taken away in captivity as spoils of war, according to the eyewitness Gaspar de Arredondo y Pichardo. compte fait, l’assassinat de Dessalines, bien qu’il ait assouvi certaines ambitions en 1806, a été Print. Le 17 octobre 1806,les masses haïtiennes, exploitées et dominées, les esclaves du monde entier de l’époque, mais aussi les. When it became clear that the French intended to re-establish slavery on Saint-Domingue, as they had on Guadeloupe, Dessalines and Pétion switched sides again in October 1802, to oppose the French. Dessalines was a grand-uncle of Nissage Saget, who served as President of Haiti from 1870 to 1874, leader of Haitian Revolution and first ruler of independent Haiti (1758-1806), "Jacques I" redirects here. Under Dessalines, Haiti became the first country to permanently abolish slavery. Jean-Jacques Dessalines was a leader of the Haitian Revolution and the first ruler of an independent Haiti under the 1805 constitution. Pétion and Rigaud, both sons of the wealthy with white fathers, had opposed Louverture's leadership. Dessalines became increasingly embittered toward both the whites and gens de couleur libres (the mixed-race residents of Saint-Domingue) during the years of fighting the revolution against residents and foreign troops: French, British and Spanish. [11] Leclerc died of yellow fever, which also took many French troops. Dessalines, qui naquit le 20 septembre 1758 sous le nom de Jean-Jacques Duclos, fut élevé sous le regard de sa tante, la future guerrière Victoria Montou, esclave comme lui . Some historians claim that he was actually killed at Pétion's house at Rue l'Enterrement, after a meeting to negotiate the power and the future of the young nation. Jean-Jacques Dessalines Jean-Jacques Dessalines (Grande-Rivière-du-Nord, 20 septembre 1758 - Pont-Rouge, 17 octobre 1806) Ce fut un militaire et politique haïtien, qui a gouverné Haïti du 1er Janvier à Septembre 22 1804 comme gouverneur général et le 8 Octobre 1804 17 Octobre 1806 comme Empereur d'Haïti sous le nom de James I. [18] Between February and April 1804, he had the white Haitian minority killed by ordering the 1804 Haiti Massacre. deux leaders des nouvelles classes dominantes du nouvel État. Mesdemoiselles, Mesdames et Messieurs, 17 octobre 1806–17 octobre 2013, cela fait exactement 207 ans depuis que l’humanité a perdu l’un des plus grands hommes que l’univers ait produits. D’où cette affirmation refutait l’idée d’un Dessalines illetré. Surtout que le nom même de Dessalines ainsi que son portrait avaient été bannis au moins dans certains départements (sur toute l’île d’après certaines sources) jusqu’en 1846. La scène est célèbre du sauvetage de Descourtilz, racontée par Descourtilz lui-même, qu'elle cache, sous son propre lit, et dont elle ne parvint à obtenir la vie sauve qu'à force de supplications, et, en dépit de la présence ce jour-là de nombre d'officiers et aides de camp, en se traînant à genoux et en pleurs, aux pieds de Dessalines (2). During the 11 March 1802 battle, Dessalines and his 1,300 men defended a small fort against 18,000 attackers. On est passé de la dépossession esclavagiste à la possession vodou et du dénigrement à la déification. [16] He was crowned Emperor Jacques I in a coronation ceremony on 6 October in the city of Le Cap. A monument at the northern entrance of the Haitian capital marks the place where the Emperor was killed. It says he was shot at twice and hit once. Deux ans après qu’il eut été proclamé Empereur d’Haïti, Mompremier Mondésir Jean Jacques Like Toussaint Louverture, Dessalines encouraged merchants from Britain and the United States over those from France. The ensuing massacre took place in 1804 during the first several months, and the killings spanned the entire territory of Haiti. Aidez-nous à localiser la tombe de Jean-jacques Dessalines en nous envoyant l'adresse du lieu où se trouve sa sépulture (cimétière...). They had tried to establish separate independence in the South of Saint-Domingue, an area where wealthy gens de couleur were concentrated in plantations. Dessalines mourra le 17 octobre, dans une embuscade que lui tendirent les insurgés, au Pont Rouge, à l'entrée de Port-au-Prince. En effet, l’équilibre entre anciens libres et nouveaux libres, entre mulâtres et noirs, est rompu avec l’assassinat de Dessalines du 17 octobre 1806. Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. Les Vaincus n’écriront jamais l’histoire des vainqueurs. These men wanted above all to defeat slavery. Dessalines fut lâchement et brutalement assassiné le 17 octobre 1806 au Pont Lanarge qui est devenu Pont rouge à cause de ce drame sanglant. Et c\'est lui qui lancera le mot d\'ordre qui devait galvaniser les énergies des indigènes : « Liberté ou la mort ». progressistes du monde colonial qui aspiraient à l’indépendance, ont subi. Rochambeau and his troops surrendered the next day. Dessalines was a grandfather of Florvil Hyppolite, who served as President of Haiti from 1889 to 1896. The remaining French forces meanwhile had fled to the Spanish side of the island and had holed themselves up in Santo Domingo. He was killed by the revolutionaries at Cap-Henri on 10 October 1820. Later he rose to become a commander in the revolt against France. Dessalines was a great-grandfather of Cincinnatus Leconte 's wife, who served as President of Haiti from 1911 to 1912.[24][25]. de ce qu’ils appellent le drame du pont rouge. wrote Leclerc to denounce Louverture’s conduct as "extraordinary".". Dire la mort de Dessalines ? For other uses, see, Expulsion and killing of the French slave owning population. [6] Yet, after declaring himself Governor-for-Life in 1804, Jean-Jacques Dessalines was still willing to take his old master Dessalines into his house and gave him a job. To motivate his troops at the start of the battle, he waved a lit torch near an open powder keg and declared that he would blow the fort up should the French breakthrough. Jean-Jacques Dessalines ( Créole haïtien : Jan-Jak Desalin , prononciation française: [ʒɑ ʒak dɛsalin] , 20 Septembre 1758-1717 Octobre 1806) était un chef de la Révolution haïtienne et le premier dirigeant d'un organisme indépendant Haïti en vertu de la constitution 1805 . Disaffected members of Dessalines' administration, including Alexandre Pétion and Henri Christophe, began a conspiracy to overthrow the Emperor. Then his head was split open by a sabre's blow and he was finally stabbed three times with a dagger, with the crowd shouting "the tyrant is killed". Boston, Mass: Beacon Press, 1995. Plus âgée que lui, elle lui enseigna comment se battre dans un combat au c… Declaring Haiti an independent nation in 1804, Dessalines was chosen by a council of generals to assume the office of governor-general. He placed in these positions well-educated Haitians, who were disproportionately from the mulatto elite, as gens de couleur were most likely to have been educated. Peu de communes haïtiennes peuvent se vanter d'être aussi dynamiques et aussi chargées d'histoire que la commune de Dessalines. Sise dans Thomas Madiou, "Histoire of Haiti", Henri Dechamps, t.3,( Port-au-Prince, 1989). This officially ended the only slave rebellion in world history which successfully resulted in establishing an independent nation. C’est le premier acte abject qui a scellé l’image de ce pays. catastrophiques pour le pays car les problèmes posés par Dessalines sont restés entiers et sont [23] There was a lot of resistance to providing him with a proper burial, but Défilée (Dédée Bazile), a black woman from a humble background, took the mutilated body of the Emperor and buried it. Dessalines, the leader of the Revolution after Toussaint's capture on 7 June 1802, commanded the rebel forces against a French army weakened by a yellow fever epidemic. [20] Another report says he was ambushed and killed at first fire.[21]. C’est comme ça que Dessalines aurait fait le travail et Dessalines n’a pas perdu de temps, Dessalines s’est rendu dans le sud, il a expliqué les problèmes à ces messieurs lors de l’entrevue Camp Gérard, ça été assez vite, Dessalines a créé notre drapeau bleu et rouge le 18 Mai 1803 à l’Arcahaie et vous connaissez le reste. Thus, Haiti became the first country in the Americas to permanently abolish slavery. Toutefois Dessalines est devenu le père des sans repères, un loa, un Dieu, dans le vodou. Some reports say that he was arrested and was dealt a deadly blow to the head. [7] He fought for the French Republic against both the Spanish and British. À travers son sens de la complexité, cet homme, d’une bravoure infaillible, a pu converger les frustrations contre l’exploitation brutale et brutalisante du système colonial vers des luttes conscientes pour l’Indépendance du pays. On 18 November 1803, black and mulatto forces under Dessalines and Pétion attacked the fort of Vertières, held by Rochambeau, near Cap-Français in the north. In 1801, Dessalines quickly ended an insurrection in the north led by Louverture's own nephew, General Moyse. [1] He is regarded as one of the founding fathers of Haiti.[2]. Marchand Dessalines, ... S’inspirant d’une architecture militaire, le fort est constitué de maçonnerie de pierres calcaires blanches, ... sises dans l’ancienne cour de la maison de l’Empereur Jean-Jacques Dessalines. The Spanish side was a colony of fewer than 175,000 souls. « C’est dans une profonde indignation que la journée du 211ème anniversaire de l’assassinat de l’Empereur Dessalines sera commémorée« , a indiqué, pour sa part, à Rezo Nòdwès un ancien licencié en Communication à la Faculté des Sciences Humaines, soulignant que Dessalines est mort en vain, vu que plusieurs de ses fils ne nourrissent pas un sentiment patriotique et un vrai amour … Dessalines became a lieutenant in Papillon's army and followed him to Santo Domingo, where he enlisted to serve Spain's military forces against the French colony of Saint-Domingue. Organisation de Gestion de la Destination du Nord d’Haïti, 72, Angle rue 18 F Many white and mulatto planters had been lobbying the government to reimpose slavery in Saint-Domingue. After the declaration of independence, Dessalines named himself Governor-General-for-life of Haiti and served in that role until 22 September 1804, when he was proclaimed later Emperor of Haiti by the Generals of the Haitian Revolution Army. Mais pourquoi a-t- on réellement assassiné l’Empereur Jean -Jacques Dessalines ? The French soldiers under Leclerc were accompanied by mulatto troops led by gens de couleur Alexandre Pétion and André Rigaud from Saint-Domingue. In 1804, the city of Marchand was renamed to Dessalines in his honour. Dessalines gained a reputation for his "take no prisoners" policy, and for burning homes and entire villages to the ground. C’est ainsi que les grands généraux deviennent responsables des grandes régions où ils étaient les chefs incontestables, tant et si bien que Dessalines, chef d’État, délègue son autorité dans ces zones aux chefs des régions par exemple au Cap sous la responsabilité de Christophe. The identity of Jean-Jacques' parents, as well as his region of ancestral origin in Africa, are not known, but most slaves trafficked to Haiti came from west and central West Africa. Born into slavery and having worked under white masters for 30 years, as well as having seen many atrocities by all peoples, Dessalines did not trust the white French people. 20 septembre 1758 Naissance de Jean-Jacques Dessalines à Grande Rivière du Nord, Mort le 17 Octobre 1806 à Suivant plusieurs historiens que nous avons consultés Dessalines a été assassiné pour les raisons Dessalines served as an officer in the French army, when the colony was fending off Spanish and British incursions. Son meilleur ami était son propre neveu, esclave comme elle.