La date exacte de la naissance d'Ali est inconnue. Ali's influence has been important throughout Islamic history. Selon une tradition, Mahomet est la première personne qui a vu Ali. The successful formation of this diverse coalition seems to be due to Ali's charisma. However, Vaglieri writes, "social and economic motives, inspired by fear of the possible influence of the extremists on Ali, seem to provide a more convincing explanation". [261], Some groups, such as the Alawites are also claimed to believe that Ali was God incarnate. [143] Ali himself writes, in the Nahj al-Balagha, that he was blamed by the Umayyads for the assassination of Uthman. [227][233] ». mort de ali ibn abi talib. This supplication is still used by Muslims as a supplicatory prayer. Assassinat d'Ali ibn Abi Talib - Pintor: Yousef Abdinejad Un kharigita de nom Abd-ar-Rahman ibn Múljam al-Muradí , [7] en venjança per la matança d'An-Nahrawan , va ferir Alí amb una espasa enverinada a la porta d'una mesquita a Kufa , residència del califa, el 25 de gener del 661 . As a result, 'Ali found it hard to expand the state on its eastern front. He ordered Ali to break all the idols worshiped by the Banu Aus, Banu Khazraj, Tayy, and those in the Kaaba to purify it after its defilement by the polytheism of old times. Aimer Ali ibn Abi Talib (P.A.a) est un devoir pour tout croyant. Il a grandi dans la maison du Prophète, il a été le premier enfant à entrer en Islam. [2] According to Vaglieri, this was judged in later time, as a treacherous trick and disloyal act. Modern Intellectual Readings of the Kharijites. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Ali ibn Abi Talib, né vers 600 à La Mecque et mort en 661 est le 4e calife de l'islam. This instruction, which has historically been viewed as the ideal constitution for Islamic governance, alongside the Constitution of Medina, involved detailed descriptions of the duties and rights of the ruler, the various functionaries of the state, and the main classes of society at that time. When I looked at her, my griefs and sorrows were relieved. Wilferd Madelung has rejected the stance of indiscriminately dismissing everything not included in "early sources" and in this approach tendentiousness alone is no evidence for late origin. "[150], The most vociferous opponents in Ali's camp were the very same people who had forced Ali into the ceasefire. Regular public cursing of Imam Ali in the congregational prayers remained a vital institution until Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz abolished the practice, 60 years later. Ali , est le cousin du prophète de l'islam Mahomet et fils d'Abû Tâlib, oncle de Mahomet qui l'a élevé et protégé comme son propre fils après la mort de son père Abdullah. Abū al-H̩asan Ali ibn Abi T̩alib, souvent désigné simplement par son prénom Ali, est le cousin du prophète de lislam Mahomet et fils dAbû Tâlib, oncle de Mahomet qui la élevé et protégé comme son propre fils après la mort de son grand-père Abd al-Muttalib. Certainly, people will be recompensed according to what they have in their hearts. [169][170], Although 'Ali won the battle by a huge margin, the constant conflict had begun to affect his standing. Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Some historians say that this was because there was a famine in Mecca at the time and that Ali's father had a large family to support; however, others point out that feeding Ali would not have been a burden on his father, as Ali was five years old at the time and, despite the famine, Ali's father, who was financially well-off, was known for giving food to strangers if they were hungry. [173] Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr had no popular support in Egypt and managed to muster 2000 men but they dispersed without a fight. Ali est également décédé à environ 63 ans, comme le prophète et ses principaux compagnons. Uncertainties should be placed before Qur'an, the Book of Allah (for clarification). [249] Under the Safavid Empire, his grave became the focus of much devoted attention, exemplified in the pilgrimage made by Shah Ismail I to Najaf and Karbala.[29]. Après la mort de Alî, Al-Hassan fit en effet la paix avec Mu'âwiya. The gathering at Saqifah was disputed by some of Muhammad's companions, who held that Ali had been designated his successor by Muhammad himself. [151] While dealing with the Iraqis, 'Ali found it hard to build a disciplined army and effective state institutions. [257], Early sufi Hasan Al Basri was disciple of Ali. Hassan, le deuxième fils d’Ali abandonna le … Ali's position as a prominent narrator of Muhammad's esoteric knowledge, made him popular among Sufi writers. [256], Sufis believe that Ali inherited from Muhammad the saintly power wilayah that enable Sufis in their spiritual journey to God. [142], Some say the caliphate was a gift of the rebels and Ali did not have enough force to control or punish them,[125] while others say Ali accepted the rebels' argument or at least did not consider Uthman a just ruler. Hence he was regarded as being free from error and sin (infallible), and appointed by God by divine decree (nass) through Muhammad. He was also known for settling several disputes and putting down the uprisings of various tribes. 1006) describes in a responsum how that the head of the Jewish community in Peroz-Shapur (now al-ʾAnbār), a community numbering some 90,000, warmly welcomed Ali ibn Abi Talib when he marched with his army into the country and conquered it, and how that he received them with a friendly disposition. However, this was not the case from the beginning. [178] 'Ali ordered his sons not to attack the Kharijites, instead stipulating that if he survived, ibn Muljam would be pardoned whereas if he died, ibn Muljam should be given only one equal hit (regardless of whether or not he died from the hit). Some others, known as the party of Ali, believed Uthman had fallen into error, had forfeited the caliphate, and been lawfully executed for his refusal to mend his ways or step down; thus, Ali was the just and true Imam and his opponents were infidels. Mais le Prophète déclara que Dieu lui donnera deux ailes aux paradis pour qu'ils puissent voler avec où il désire en récompense de son combat dans le sentier de Dieu et ses souffrances pour la noble cause. The rebels maintained that Uthman had been justly killed, for not governing according to the Quran and Sunnah; hence, no vengeance was to be invoked. His policy of equal distribution of taxes and booty gained the support of Muhammad's companions, especially the Ansar who were subordinated by the Quraysh leadership after Muhammad, the traditional tribal leaders, and the Qurra or Qur'anic reciters that sought pious Islamic leadership. » demanda Ali. [183] This book has a prominent position in Arabic literature. [135], According to Laura Veccia Vaglieri, although A'ishah had supported opposition against Uthman, she had gone on pilgrimage to Mecca when they killed Uthman. "[39] Following this battle Muhammad gave Ali the name Asadullāh (which means "Lion of God") and reportedly praised him, saying "Ali's strike on Amr ibn Abd al-Wud is greater than the worship of both mankind and jinn until the Day of Judgement. Abû Muhammad al-Hasan ibn `Alî ibn Abi Talib [1] également appelé Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtabâ qui veut dire l'élu (arabe : الإمام الحسن المجتبى) ou Hasan [2] surnommé … According to him, Caetani's approach is inconsistent. Le calme n’est revenu qu’après la mort de plusieurs centaines de personnes dont plusieurs illustres compagnons du prophète. So Muawiyah overpowered Egypt, Hijaz, Yemen and other areas. Parmi ses fidèles, certains lui reprochèrent d'avoir accepté de se soumettre à un arbitrage humain et quittèrent ses rangs: on les appellera les kharidjites (les sortants). [158] He used his time to serve his family and worked as a farmer. There were three candidates: Ali, Talhah and Al-Zubayr. Ali est la seule personne à être née à l'intérieur de la Kaaba[3]. There are also some books known as Manāqib which describe Ali's character from a religious viewpoint. [2] Finally, he tried to mitigate the severity of the siege by his insistence that Uthman should be allowed water. Ali was born inside the Kaaba in Mecca, the holiest place in Islam, to Abu Talib[6] and Fatimah bint Asad. I believe in Him and I put my trust in Him. [260], However, there is Ali-Illahism, a syncretic religion, which centres on the belief that there have been successive incarnations of their Deity throughout history, and reserves particular reverence for 'Ali, the son-in-law of Muhammad, who is considered one such incarnation. [155], Seven months after the battle of Siffin, in February 658, the two arbitrators met at Dumat al-Jandal. He is a paragon of virtues, such as courage, magnanimity, sincerity, straightforwardness, eloquence and profound knowledge. ». Les califes («successeurs») s’énumèrent comme suit: Abou Bakr As-Siddiq (calife de 632 à 634), Omar Ibn Al-Khattâb (calife de 634 à 644), Othman Ibn Affân (calife de 644 à 656), Ali ibn Abi Talib … [200] The most famous selection of Ali's utterances and writings has been gathered in a book called Nahj al-Balagha (Peak of Eloquence) by a 10th-century Shia scholar, Al-Sharif al-Radi, who selected them for their singular rhetorical beauty. Son nom et sa généalogie Il se nomme Abou l-Haçan 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib Ibni 'Abdi l-Mouttalib Ibni Hachim Ibni 'Abdi Manaf. [13][14] Ali did not change his mind when he finally pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr and then to Umar and to Uthman but had done so for the sake of the unity of Islam, at a time when it was clear that the Muslims had turned away from him. Comment ajouter mes sources ? [180][181] Most Shias accept that Ali is buried at the Tomb of Imam Ali in the Imam Ali Mosque at what is now the city of Najaf, which grew around the mosque and shrine called Masjid Ali. (see mawla and Event of Ghadir Khumm) Some Sunni writers, on the other hand, acknowledge the preeminence of Ali's knowledge in the Sharia, and his importance in the hadiths of the Prophet, however, do not consider these as a reason to determine Ali's political designation by the Prophet. Abu Bakr said to her, "Allah's Apostle said, we do not have heirs, whatever we leave is Sadaqa." [213] See also Supplications (Du'a), translated by William Chittick. Ali's birth in the Kaaba is regarded as a unique event proving his "high spiritual station" among Shia, while Sunni scholars consider it a great, if not unique, distinction.[5]. The order of this mus'haf differed from that which was gathered later during the Uthmanic era. Ali fait partie des Ahl al-bayt, la famille du Prophète, qui tient une place de haut rang dans l'islam. Muawiyah allowed 'Amr ibn al-'As to move against Egypt and 'Amr eventually conquered it for the second time in his career. [126] [173] Amr had first taken Egypt eighteen years earlier from the Romans but had been dismissed by Uthman. The volume was completed and carried by camel to show to other people in Medina. Hamza ibn … [173] Il a régné de 656 à 659. Many Shia Muslims also celebrate Imam Ali's birth anniversary (13th day of Rajab) as Father's Day in Iran. [1][207][208] Muhammad invited people to Islam in secret for three years before he started inviting them publicly. Perhaps someone older than you might respond to my call." Today there is up to 260 sects in Islam that are in two main categories of shia and sunni. [1] In Muslim culture, Ali is respected for his courage, knowledge, belief, honesty, unbending devotion to Islam, deep loyalty to Muhammad, equal treatment of all Muslims and generosity in forgiving his defeated enemies, and therefore is central to mystical traditions in Islam such as Sufism. [102], 'Ali was one of the electoral council to choose the third caliph which was appointed by 'Umar. According to Vaglieri, Ali's position as an orator is not disputed, however, the same cannot be said of his poetic art. Bataille de Mu’tah et mort de Jafar ibn Abi Talib ~ Salut les lecteurs! Elle est d'ailleurs un objet de controverse entre les différentes branches de l'islam car elle a des conséquences sur l'image du personnage. I praise Allah, and I seek His guidance. [citation needed] It is believed in Twelver and Ismaili Shaa Islam that 'aql, divine wisdom, was the source of the souls of the Prophets and Imams and gave them esoteric knowledge called ḥikmah and that their sufferings were a means of divine grace to their devotees. [171], Ali continued to be regarded as Caliph by his followers in the last year of his life, however the number of his partisan were reducing. The second period of Ali's life began in 610 when he declared Islam at the age of 9, and ended with the Hijra of Muhammad to Medina in 622. [d][231][235][238][239][240][241] Meanwhile, Ali read two long impromptu sermons, one without using Aleph and the other without dotted letters, containing deep and eloquent concepts, according to Langroudi, a Shia author. Since, Ali believed the whole income should be distributed, without holding anything in stock. Finally, they even prevented people from calling their newborns by his name. [188] According to Madelung, "Umayyad highhandedness, misrule and repression were gradually to turn the minority of Ali's admirers into a majority. "[40], During the persecution of Muslims and boycott of the Banu Hashim in Mecca, Ali stood firmly in support of Muhammad. N'ai-je pas plus de droit (awla) sur les croyants que ceux qu'ils ont sur eux-mêmes ? The battle began with Ali defeating the Meccan champion Walid ibn Utba; one historian described Ali's opening victory at the battle as "the signal of the triumph of Islam. Thus, hundreds of Kharijites separated from their army, except for 1500 or 1800 out of about 4000, who were killed or injured afterward in the Battle of Nahrawan. Ali ibn Abi Tálib بِلا َ ط ي ِ ب َ أ ن ْ بٱ ّ يِل َ ع Cuarto Califa del Califato Ortodoxo Rashidun Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib - بلاط يبأ نب يلع.svg Caligrafía árabe del nombre de Ali Reinado 656-661 Predecesor Uthmán ibn Affán Sucesor Hasan ibn Ali que gobernó 6 meses y 3 días. [226] Ali holds a high position in almost all Sufi orders which trace their lineage through him to Muhammad. 'Umar followed 'Ali's suggestions in political matters as well as religious ones. "[2][27][59][39] For the ten years that Muhammad led the community in Medina, Ali was extremely active in his service as his secretary and deputy, serving in his armies, the bearer of his banner, leading parties of warriors on raids, and carrying messages and orders. Si l’Histoire a retenu son nom comme la cause de la division entre sunnites et chiites, il est toutefois, aussi, l’un des quatre califes rashîdûn (« Bien-Guidés ») reconnus par le sunnisme. [179] 'Ali died two days later on 29 January 661 (21 Ramadan AH 40). A Chronology of Islamic History 570–1000 CE By H U Rahman Page 60, A Chronology of Islamic History 570–1000 By H. U. Rahman, A Chronology of Islamic History 570–1000 By H. U. Rahman Page 62, "حفظت سبعين خطبة من خطب الاصلع ففاضت ثم فاضت ) ويعني بالاصلع أمير المؤمنين عليا عليه السلام ". [39], According to Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Ali is credited with having established Islamic theology, and his quotations contain the first rational proofs among Muslims of the Unity of God. [105] In 650, during the pilgrimage, he reproached Uthman for his change of the prayer ritual. Timani, Hussam S. (2008). This book was rejected by several people when he showed it to them. Cousin et gendre du prophète Mohammed . Be not in face of them a voracious animal, counting them as easy prey, for they are of two kinds: either they are your brothers in faith or in creation. [1] Even staffs in the Divan of Umayyad recited Ali's sermons to improve their eloquence. Ibn Al Atheer, in his Biography, vol 2 p 107 "لا فتی الا علي لا سيف الا ذوالفقار", United Nations Development Program, Arab human development report, (2002), p. 107, A Chronology of Islamic History 570–1000 CE By H U Rahman Page 59. 1 numéro d'Al-Tawhid, Biographie du Qadi Abu Abdallah al-Quda'i, Extraits de La Voie de l'éloquence (bilingue français-arabe), 40 Ahadith-Le couronnement de l'Islam, Ghadir, Les caractéristiques du véritable savant musulman selon 'Alî Ibn Abî Tâlib, Les droits du savant selon 'Alî Ibn Abî Tâlib, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib&oldid=182655165, Article manquant de références depuis avril 2014, Article manquant de références/Liste complète, Article contenant un appel à traduction en anglais, Article manquant de références depuis janvier 2019, Recension temporaire pour le modèle Ouvrage, Article de Wikipédia avec notice d'autorité, Portail:Religions et croyances/Articles liés, Portail:Biographie/Articles liés/Politique, Portail:Biographie/Articles liés/Entreprises, Portail:Biographie/Articles liés/Religions et croyances, Portail:Biographie/Articles liés/Culture et arts, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence, Califat d'Abu Bakr : à la mort de Mahomet en. The most notable work prior to this period is The Book of Sulaym ibn Qays, written by Sulaym ibn Qays, a companion of Ali who lived before the Abbasids. In the same time, revolts took place in Khorasan and the East Arab rules were overthrown, but the riot in Fars was put down by Caliph's governor. VII, No. Ali's father, Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib, was the custodian of the Ka'bah and a sheikh of Banu Hashim, an important branch of the powerful Quraysh tribe. "[221], According to Leone Caetani, the "half-divine aureole which soon encircled the figure of Ali", aside from his closeness to the prophet Muhammad, was a result of his own impression on the people of his time. Ô Muhammad ! However, according to Shia, as well as non-Shia reports, the majority of those who supported 'Ali after his election as caliph were Shia politically, not religiously. But, the religious leaders of Medina, who did not participate in the first arbitration, tried to resolve the crisis of the Caliphate in this way. Soon after Ali became caliph, he dismissed Uthman's governors immediately, against the counsel of his advisers that it would not be politically wise to do so, as he refused to be complicit in their injustice and corruption. Brill Online, 2014. The talks lasted for many days. "[229][230] Ali had been living with Muhammad and his wife Khadija since he was five years old. "[43][44], Ali survived the plot, but risked his life again by staying in Mecca to carry out Muhammad's instructions: to restore to their owners all the goods and properties that had been entrusted to Muhammad for safekeeping. Ali conserve néanmoins un certain pouvoir et se replie dans la ville de Koufa (Irak) dont il avait fait sa capitale. Sunnis assert that even though Muhammad never appointed a successor, Abu Bakr was elected first caliph by the Muslim community. commander, namely Expedition of Fadak and Expedition of Yemen. La période de son califat était basée sur les règles de la loi islamique. 108–112, "Full text of "Address delivered at the dedication of the hall of the Boston medical library association, on December III, MDCCCLXXVIII, "Hazrat Ali (A.S.): His Poor Subjects and Pro-Poor Government || Imam Reza (A.S.) Network", "Sermons without dot/ Christian George Jordac: This sermon is a masterpiece", The Glimpses of Nahj al Balaghah Part I – Introduction, "Khalifa Ali bin Abu Talib – Ali, The Father of Sufism", "A Glance at Historiography in Shiite Culture", "Fatima as a Motif of Contention and Suffering in Islamic Sources", https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_v8f2, The Life of the Commander of the Faithful Ali Ibn Abu Talib (as), Website devoted to the Life of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib, A Website featuring validated/referenced quotes of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib. [160] The arbitration resulted in the dissolution of 'Ali's coalition, and some have opined that this was Muawiyah's intention. According to Vaglieri, the matters to be examined by the two were not determined in details. "Shadow of the Sun" published on first Shia Imam, a collection of 110 hadiths from Prophet (s) concerning the character of Ali. Ali est né vers 600, à La Mecque, une dizaine dannées avant le début de la mission prophétique de Mahomet. He was wounded by ibn Muljam's poison-coated sword while prostrating in the Fajr prayer. Ali a été à la fois le protégé, le cousin, le disciple et le gendre de celui-ci et a épousé,Fatima Zahra, fille de Mahomet, et de sa première épouse Khadija bint Khuwaylid. In answering question of why the names of the Imams are not expressly mentioned in the Quran Muhammad al-Baqir responds:[b] "Allah revealed Salat to his Prophet but never said of three or four Rakats, revealed Zakat but did not mention to its details, revealed Hajj but did not count its Tawaf and the Prophet interpreted their details. [1], There had been a common tendency among the earlier western scholars to consider narrations and reports gathered in later periods as fabrications, due to their tendency towards later Sunni and Shia partisan positions. A wide range of disciplines from theology and exegesis to calligraphy and numerology, from law and mysticism to Arabic grammar and rhetoric are regarded as having been first adumbrated by Ali.[183]. [2], Ali pledged allegiance to the second caliph, 'Umar ibn Khattab, and helped him as a trusted advisor. Reference. Its influence can be sensed in the logical co-ordination of terms, the deduction of correct conclusions, and the creation of certain technical terms in Arabic which entered the literary and philosophical language independently of the translation into Arabic of Greek texts.[198]. Error catches them unaware, deficiencies overcome them, (evil deeds) are committed by them intentionally and by mistake. [209], Ghurar al-Hikam wa Durar al-Kalim (Exalted aphorisms and Pearls of Speech) which is compiled by Abd al-Wahid Amidi, who according to Gleave, was either a Shafiʽi jurist or a Twelver. De nombreux soufis interprètent aussi l'épisode comme un transfert de pouvoir spirituel du pouvoir de Mahomet à Ali. Al-Tirmidhî rapporte un hadith par lequel Mahomet proclame: « Seuls les croyants aiment Ali et seuls les hypocrites le détestent ». War ensued during which Muawiyah gradually subverted the generals and commanders of Hasan's army until the army rebelled against him. I, p.783; Ibn Hajar, al-Sawa'iq p.85. https://www.avenuedessoeurs.com/nos-modeles/ali-ibn-abi-talib Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Nothing of the sort had been circulated among their distinguished figures or those of lower ranks. Hence the Shia say of Ali that his face is honoured, as it was never sullied by prostrations before idols. The Kharijites, however, asserted that Ali should first confess himself guilty of infidel (the sin they believed Ali committed, by acceptance of arbitration), which he angrily refused. Then he narrates that Imam Ali al-Rida, eighth Shia Imam, in discussion with Al-Ma'mun, Abbasid caliph, referred to this verse to prove the superiority of Muhammad's progeny over the rest of the Muslim community, and considered it proof of Ali's right to the caliphate due to God having made Ali like the self of Muhammad. Who will become my vicegerent, my deputy and my wazir? 5–7. [clarification needed] Momen has listed many of these verses in his An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. [197], In later Islamic philosophy, especially in the teachings of Mulla Sadra and his followers, like Allameh Tabatabaei, Ali's sayings and sermons were increasingly regarded as central sources of metaphysical knowledge, or divine philosophy. Les légendes sur le choix du lieu de sépulture d'Ali et sur son emplacement actuel sont contradictoires[10]. Aboū al-H̩asan ʿAlī ibn Abī T̩ālib (v. 600 - 661) (en arabe : أبو الحسن علي بن أبي طالب), souvent désigné simplement par son prénom ʿAlī, est le fils d'Aboû Tâlib, oncle du Prophète, qui l’a élevé et protégé comme son propre fils après la mort de son grand-père ‘Abd al-Mottalib. [68] Muhammad made Ali commander at this battle, claiming that "I will hand the standard to a man who loves Allah and His Messenger and is loved by Allah and His Messenger. Ali ibn Abi Talib (Arabic: عَلِيّ ٱبْن أَبِي طَالِب ‎, ʿAlīy ibn ʾAbī Ṭālib; 13 September 601 – 29 January 661) was a cousin, son-in-law and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, who ruled as the fourth caliph from 656 until his assassination in 661. Abū al-H̩asan Ali ibn Abi T̩alib (vers 600-661) (en arabe : أبو الحسن علي بن أبي طالب, en persan : علی پسر ابو طالب), souvent désigné simplement par son prénom Ali (Alī) est le cousin du prophète de l'islam Mahomet et fils d'Abû Tâlib, oncle de Mahomet qui l'a élevé et protégé comme son propre fils après la mort de son grand-père Abd al-Muttalib. On her way back to Medina, when she learned about this, and specially on hearing that the new Caliph was Ali, she returned to Mecca and engaged in an active propaganda against Ali. The Appendix contains the history of his shrine and the acts and supplications to be performed during its visitation. Madelung relates that Marwan told Zayn al-Abidin, the grandson of Ali, that "No one [among the Islamic nobility] was more temperate toward our master than your master. [39]:17 In Tarikh ut-Tabari and as-Seerat ul Halabiyya, it has been recorded that Abu Talib asks his son Ali, "What is this belief you are following?" Ja'far al-Sadiq narrates in hadith that whatever virtue found in Muhammad was found in Ali, and that turning away from his guidance would be akin to turning away from Allah and his Prophet. [144], The Umayyads knowledge of me did not restrain them from accusing me, nor did my precedence in accepting Islam keep these ignorant people from blaming me. Madelung and some later historians do not reject the narrations which have been compiled in later periods and try to judge them in the context of history and on the basis of their compatibility with the events and figures. Ali ibn Abi Talib (vers 600-661) (en arabe : علي بن أبي طالب, ʿAlī ibn ʾAbī Ṭālib; en persan : علی پسر ابو طالب). ». Hasan was forced to give the caliphate to Muawiyah, according to a Hasan–Muawiya treaty. Ali ibn Abi Talib (vers 600-661) (en arabe : علي بن أبي طالب, ʿAlī ibn ʾAbī Ṭālib; en persan : علی پسر ابو طالب). [73][74] Many Sufis also interpret the episode as the transfer of Muhammad's spiritual power and authority to Ali, whom they regard as the wali par excellence. United Nations on Hazrat Ali Ibn Abi Talib Published on May 18, 2017 May 18, 2017 • 109 Likes • 14 Comments Ibn Ishaq dit « Ali Ibn Abi Talib est arrivé et a trouvé le Prophete Muhammad ﷺ et Abu Bakr qui faisaient la prière. Ali is important to both Shias and Sunnis, politically and spiritually. In the public declaration that followed Abu Musa observed his part of the agreement, but Amr declared Ali deposed and confirmed Muawiya as caliph. Sur l’insistance de Az-Zubair et Talha, il a accepté le poste de quatrième calife droit guidée. 2 - Quel âge avait Ali Ibn Abî Tâlib (qu'Allah l'agrée) à sa mort ? Ali ibn Abi Talib (Arabic: عَلِيّ ٱبْن أَبِي طَالِب ‎, ʿAlīy ibn ʾAbī Ṭālib; 13 September 601 – 29 January 661) was a cousin, son-in-law and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, who ruled as the fourth caliph from 656 until his assassination in 661. [266], This article is about Ali ibn Abi Talib. [2] While Sunnis consider Ali the fourth Rashidun Caliph, Shia Muslims regard Ali as the first Caliph and Imam after Muhammad. This book consists of over ten thousand short sayings of Ali. [118], According to Abu Mekhnaf's narration, Talhah was the first prominent companion who gave his pledge to 'Ali, but other accounts claimed otherwise, stating they were forced to give their pledge. [60] As one of Muhammad's lieutenants, and later his son-in-law, Ali was a person of authority and standing in the Muslim community. Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas and Abdur Rahman bin Awf, who were cousins, were naturally inclined to support Uthman, who was Abdur Rahman's brother-in-law. https://www.ajib.fr/serie-biographie-des-10-compagnons-ali-ibn-abi-talib [13][14] Ali's reign saw civil wars and on 27 January 661, he was attacked and assassinated by a Kharijite while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa, dying two days later on 29 January.[15][16][17]. [2] According to Ibn Abi'l-Hadid the Umayyads "prevented people from reporting any narration that might refer to any of his accolades. Together with Umm Ayman, Ali testified to the fact that Muhammad granted it to Fatimah Zahra, when Abu Bakr requested her to summon witnesses for her claim. Elle est d'ailleurs un objet de controverse entre les différentes branches de l'islam car elle a des conséquences sur l'image du personnage. Ali ibn Abi Talib (Arabic: عَلِيّ ٱبْن أَبِي طَالِب ‎, ʿAlīy ibn ʾAbī Ṭālib; 13 September 601 – 29 January 661) was a cousin, son-in-law and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, who ruled as the fourth caliph from 656 until his assassination in 661. Amr ibn al-As was appointed by Muawiyah as an arbitrator. [41], In 622, the year of Muhammad's migration to Yathrib (now Medina), Ali risked his life by sleeping in Muhammad's bed to impersonate him, thereby thwarting an assassination attempt and ensuring Muhammad's escape. Le calife bien guidé ^Aliyy était le père de Al-H açan et de Al-H ouçayn.Il était le cousin paternel et le gendre du Prophète Mou h ammad. [224], Ali is known by various titles, some given due to his personal qualities and others due to events in his life:[1], Except for Muhammad, there is no one in Islamic history about whom as much has been written in Islamic languages as Ali. 'Ali recovered the land granted by 'Uthman and swore to recover anything that elites had acquired before his election. to which Ali replies, "Father, I have believed in Allah and His Messenger, and have given credence to him, kept to him, and followed him. This is supported by numerous hadiths which have been narrated by Shias, including Hadith of the pond of Khumm, Hadith of the two weighty things, Hadith of the pen and paper, Hadith of the Cloak, Hadith of position, Hadith of the invitation of the close families, and Hadith of the Twelve Successors.