[e] The independent administration was recognised in a statement made public (the statement had been agreed in October 1922 following the approval of the revised Mandate on 16 September 1922 with publication made conditional on completion of a probationary period) in Amman on 25 May 1923: "Subject to the approval of the League of Nations, His Britannic Majesty will recognise the existence of an independent Government in Trans-jordan under the rule of His Highness the Amir Abdullah, provided that such Government is constitutional and places His Britannic Majesty in a position to fulfil his international obligations in respect of the territory by means of an Agreement to be concluded with His Highness"[3][62][f]. L'émirat de Transjordanie (1923-1949) Le futur royaume de Jordanie est issu du démembrement de l'Empire ottoman. Né en mars 1921, l'émirat de Transjordanie, au-delà du fleuve Jourdain, est détaché de la Palestine historique et placé sous mandat britannique. [13], Under the Ottoman Empire, most of Transjordan was part of the Syria Vilayet,[14] primarily the sanjaks of Hauran and Ma'an. [26] Without facing opposition Abdullah and his army had effectively occupied most of Transjordan by March 1921.[27][28]. Samuel's terms were accepted, he returned to Jerusalem, leaving Captain Alec Kirkbride as the British representative east of the Jordan[24][25] until the arrival on 21 November 1920 of Abdullah, the brother of recently deposed king Faisal, marched into Ma'an at the head of an army of 300 men from the Hejazi tribe of 'Utaybah. 31 relations. In March 1920, the Hashemite Kingdom of Syria was declared by Faisal bin Hussein in Damascus which encompassed most of what later became Transjordan. "[55] No census was taken throughout the British mandate period, but the population was estimated to have grown to 300,000 – 350,000 by the early 1940s. Né en mars 1921, l'émirat de Transjordanie, au-delà du fleuve Jourdain, est détaché de la Palestine historique et placé sous mandat britannique. Un émirat ou principauté en français [réf. [83] The Polish representative said that he did not object to the independence of Transjordan, but requested that the application be postponed for a year on the grounds that legal procedures required by the Covenant of the League of Nations had not been carried out. nécessaire]).Un émirat peut avoir un statut d'État indépendant, de province d'un État souverain, ou d'État fédéré tels ceux des Émirats arabes unis qui unit sept émirats. [33][34][35][36] Abdullah was then appointed Emir of the Transjordania region in April 1921. [citation needed], Abdullah established his government on 11 April 1921. ", From "Observations on Dr. Weizmann's letter to the Secretary of State for the Colonies with Reference to Transjordania," Major Somerset and Captain Peake, 14 March 1921, CO 733/15. His government maintained law and order, improved tax-collection, opened new schools and clinics, built roads, established telegraph and post office services and created sharci and civil courts. On the other hand the southern part of Palestine belonged, according to one of the versions, to the sanjak (district) of Ma'an within the vilayet (province) of Hejaz. cannot acquiesce in his claim to concern himself directly with the administration of any portion of the territory of Transjordan for which H.M.G. Pour d'autres utilisations, voir Transjordanie (homonymie). voir Transjordanie Émirat hachémite de Transjordanie ar إمارة شرق الأردن ar Imārāt Sharq al - Urdun 1921 1946 Palestine de l ouest et Transjordanie Entités nom. After King Faisal was forced from the throne in July 1920 by the French military, the British high commissioner of Palestine, Sir Herbert Samuel, went to the town of Salt in Transjordan and declared that the territory, as had been secretly agreed by the British and French in the Sykes-Picot Agreement during World War I, was part of the British Mandatory Palestine. [16] Suite aux accords d'armistice israélo-arabes de 1949 (la «ligne verte»), la... Histoire de la Jordanie — Wikipédi. Après la conférence du Caire de 1921, le contrôle du territoire est transféré à Abdallah Ier, troisième fils de Hussein ben Ali, chérif de La Mecque, sous la surveillance d'un représentant britannique. Le memorandum fut ratifié par leur gouvernement le 9 et 16 mai 1916. Bahreïn était un émirat jusqu'au 14 février 2002, quand le souverain actuel a décidé de changer son titre en « Roi de Bahreïn », et le pays est devenu un royaume. L'accord allouait aux Britanniques les zones géographiques qui correspondent aujourd'hui au désert du Néguev (Israël), au sud de la Cisjordanie (État de Palestine), à la Jordanie et au sud de l'Irak ainsi qu'une enclave autour du port de Haïfa et de la ville d'Acre[8]. Despite this, Jordan was not a full member of the United Nations until 14 December 1955. The British offered financial assistance, administrative guidance and military support from Palestine upon request and maintained a watchful position. Rang Portrait Héritier Période Émir Maison 1 Talal ben Abdallah, prince héritier Né le 27 février 1909 à La Mecque (Empire ottoman) — Mort le 7 août 1972 (à 63 ans) à Amman : 1 er avril 1921 — 25 mai 1946 (25 ans, 1 mois et 24 jours) Abdallah I er Maison al-Hashem [74] On 25 May 1946 the Transjordan became the "Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan" when the ruling 'Amir' was re-designated as 'King' by the parliament of Transjordan on the day it ratified the Treaty of London. After the Ottoman defeat in World War I, the Transjordan region was administered within OETA East; after British withdrawal this became the Hashemite-ruled Arab Kingdom of Syria, administering an area broadly comprising the areas of the modern countries of Syria and Jordan. Il est attribué à Abdallah, second fils du chérif Hussein qui organisa au profit des Britanniques la révolte arabe contre l'empire ottoman en échange d'un royaume arabe qui ne verra jamais le jour. The Hashemites were Associated Powers during the war, and a peaceful solution was urgently needed. En novembre 1917, le gouvernement britannique publie la Déclaration Balfour par laquelle il déclare « envisage[r] favorablement l'établissement en Palestine d'un Foyer national pour les Juifs et [qu'il] fera tout ce qui est en son pouvoir pour faciliter la réalisation de cet objectif (...). Né en mars 1921, l'émirat de Transjordanie, au-delà du fleuve Jourdain, est détaché de la Palestine historique et placé sous mandat britannique. In 1918 the British Foreign Office noted the Arab position East of the Jordan, Biger wrote: "At the beginning of 1918, soon after the southern part of Palestine was conquered, the Foreign Office determined that Faisal’s authority over the area that he controls on the Eastern side of the Jordan river should be recognized. Il est attribué à Abdallah, second fils du chérif Hussein qui organisa au profit des Britanniques la révolte arabe contre l’empire ottoman en échange d’un royaume arabe qui ne verra jamais le jour. Par ces échanges, en particulier la lettre du 24 octobre 1915, le gouvernement britannique acceptait de reconnaître l'indépendance arabe au Moyen-Orient en échange de l'organisation d'une révolte arabe contre l'Empire ottoman[6],[7]. The Weizmann—Faysal agreement therefore lost its political meaning and remained a document of propaganda value only. East and, later, in Faisal's kingdom of Syria. En 1921, l'émirat de Transjordanie est proclamé par Abdallah, qui devient émir. 10, p. 161, Agreement between his Britannic Majesty and His Highness the Amir of Trans-Jordan, February 1928, See League of Nations, Official Journal, 1928, p. 1574, See 1919 Foreign Relations, vol. 25 May is still celebrated as independence day in Jordan although officially the mandate for Transjordan ended on 17 June 1946 when in accordance with the Treaty of London the ratifications were exchanged in Amman and Transjordan gained full independence. [52] It described the western end of the Iraq-Nejd boundary as "the Jebel Anazan situated in the neighbourhood of the intersection of latitude 32 degrees north longitude 39 degrees east where the Iraq-Najd boundary terminated", thereby implicitly confirming this as the point at which the Iraq-Nejd boundary became the Transjordan-Nejd boundary. Il s’agissait pour chaque impérialisme de mettre la main sur une plus grande portion du gâteau et d’y stabiliser sa domination. are responsible under the mandate for Palestine"", Biger described this meeting as follows: "Sovereignty over the Arava, from the south of the Dead Sea to Aqaba, was also discussed. Le 25 mai, la Transjordanie déclare son indépendance. Shortly after the war, the French ceded Palestine and Mosul to the British. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 25 décembre 2020 à 23:06. Quelques jours après l'armistice, le 1er décembre 1918, Georges Clémenceau céda la Palestine et Mossoul aux Britanniques[9]. In 1949, it was constitutionally renamed the "Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan", commonly referred to as Jordan. [43], The Hashemite emir Abdullah, elder son of Britain's wartime Arab ally Hussein bin Ali, was placed on the throne of Transjordan. ", sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFWilson1990 (. The agreement was initially used directly as the basis for the 1918 Anglo–French Modus Vivendi which agreed on a framework for the Occupied Enemy Territory Administration in the Levant. Né en mars 1921, l'émirat de Transjordanie, au-delà du fleuve Jourdain, est détaché de la Palestine historique et placé sous mandat britannique. The Near East and Africa Volume VII (1946), page 798, See Foreign relations of the United States, 1946. Émirat de Transjordanie. Around the same time, another secret treaty was negotiated between the United Kingdom and France, with assent from the Russian Empire and Italy, to define their mutually agreed spheres of influence and control in an eventual partition of the Ottoman Empire. The agreement was ratified by their respective governments on 9 and 16 May 1916. History of Jordan refers to the history of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the background period of the Emirate of Transjordan under British protectorate as well as the general history of the … Elle servait à la fois à faciliter les déplacements de pèlerins et aux transports militaires[4]. Peake's Reserve Force was still under construction and dysfunctional. [8] In the letters – particularly that of 24 October 1915 – the British government agreed to recognize Arab independence after the war in exchange for the Sharif of Mecca launching the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire. nécessaire] (en arabe : إمارة imārah) est un territoire uni politiquement qui est gouverné par un émir (ou prince en français [réf. Palestine and Trans-Jordan do not, therefore, stand upon quite the same footing. Une ligne de chemin de fer reliant Damas à Médine et traversant la région fut construite en 1908. Le mot Transjordanie peut désigner : la région de Transjordanie, à l'est de la vallée du Jourdain ; l'émirat hachémite de Transjordanie, qui exista de 1921 à 1946 ; la Jordanie actuelle, parfois mentionnée sous ce terme. [66] It recognised the existence of an independent government in Transjordan and defined and limited its powers. [69], According to the U.S. State Department Digest of International Law, the status of the mandate was not altered by the agreement between the United Kingdom and the Emirate concluded on 20 February 1928[70] which recognized the existence of an independent government in Transjordan and defined and limited its powers. Lors de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les troupes transjordaniennes jouent un grand rôle dans la région auprès des troupes britanniques. A change of personalities, resulting in more sympathetic British Representatives, Abdullah's recognition of his precarious situation, and an improved attitude of the Palestine government towards the independent administration of the country, contributed to the stabilisation of Transjordan and the subjugation of the settled tribes to the government's authority. Après la conquête de Jérusalem-Est et de la Cisjordanie en 1948, elle devient le Royaume hachémite de Jordanie en 1949. The Anglo-American treaty, also known as the Palestine Mandate Convention, permitted the US to delay any unilateral British action to terminate the mandate. [c] Abdullah made a request for the Negev to be added to Transjordan in late 1922, and again in 1925, but this was rejected. It is not clear whether this action was completed. L'émirat de Transjordanie est établi 1922 24 juillet: Les termes du mandat sont acceptés par la Société des Nations: 10 août: La Grande-Bretagne met fin au gouvernement militaire par un décret en conseil. En 1946, l'Émirat de Transjordanie devint un royaume dont Amman est la capitale, le siège du gouvernement et le centre commercial, légal et administratif de Royaume hachémite de Jordanie. Le consentement des notables Palestiniens ne vise en réalité qu’à stabiliser sa base populaire. L'Émirat islamique d'Afghanistan, fondé en 1996 par les Talibans, ne fut reconnu que par trois pays : le Pakistan, l'Arabie saoudite et les Émirats arabes unis. [86] Jordan was finally admitted to membership on 14 December 1955. This page was last edited on 6 April 2020, at 20:15. ", Bentwich wrote: "An agreement was made in February 1928, between His Britannic Majesty and the Emir of Transjordan, varying in important respects the execution of the Mandate for Transjordan which was conferred with the Mandate for Palestine in 1922. At this point, the sparsely inhabited southern part of Transjordan was claimed by both Faisal's Syria and his father's Kingdom of Hejaz. The Hashemite dynasty ruled the protectorate, as well as the neighbouring Mandatory Iraq and, until 1925, the Kingdom of Hejaz to the south. The western boundary of the Turkish vilayet of Damascus before the war was the River Jordan. Dernière modification le 13 avril 2014, à 22:11. [80] Members of the U.S. Congress introduced resolutions demanding that the U.S. Representative to the United Nations be instructed to seek postponement of any international determination of the status of Transjordan until the future status of Palestine as a whole was determined. Au-delà de rivalités familiales, le royaume a toujours été une construction fragile tandis que la contestation populaire d’un régime arbitraire et corrompu est de plus en plus forte. (Archives du gouvernement britannique). Autres discussions . For a summary of the Agreement of 20 February 1928, between the United Kingdom and the Emir of Transjordan, see Bentwich, "The Mandate for Transjordan", X Brit. Transjordan is in a wholly different position from Palestine and it was considered necessary that special arrangements should be made there[64], Transfer of most administrative functions occurred in 1928, including the creation of the post of High Commissioner for Transjordan. La région géographique de la Palestine, avec des frontières moindres que ce qui formera plus tard le Mandat britannique de Palestine devait relever d'une « administration internationale ». On 11 April 1921 he formed his first government. [87], This article is about the 1921–46 British protectorate. Jordan originally fell under the rule of King Faisal, son of Sharif Hussein and the principal military leader of the Arab Revolt. Carte de 1916 annexée aux Accords de Sykes et Picot représentant les sphères d'influence respectives entre les Français et Britanniques au Levant. "[h][68], Transjordan remained under British control until the first-Transjordanian treaty was concluded in 1928. Emirat de Transjordanie - Emirate of Transjordan. Émirat de Transjordanie L'émirat de Transjordanie (إمارة شرق الأردن Imārāt Sharq al-Urdun) était un protectorat britannique créé en à la suite des accords passés pendant la Première Guerre mondiale avec les princes arabes dont fait partie la dynastie hachémite (Grande révolte arabe de 1916-1918). Britain had, however, made its position clear in August 1924 when it cabled Bullard: "Please inform King Hussein officially that H.M.G. The point is that on our own interpretation of those pledges the country East of the Jordan – though not the country West of the Jordan – falls within the area in respect of which we promised during the war to recognise and support the independence of the Arabs. Pin. Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government on the Administration Under Mandate of Palestine and Transjordan for the Year 1924. http://images.library.wisc.edu/FRUS/EFacs/1946v07/reference/frus.frus1946v07.i0017.pdf, "Transjordan, the Hāshimite Kingdom, and the Palestine war", Jordan – History: The making of Transjordan, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Transjordan&oldid=1020426545, Former British colonies and protectorates in Asia, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters, Pages using multiple image with manual scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord et Transjordanie, « Traités et accords internationaux enregistrés du. Further, His Majesty's Government have been entrusted with the Mandate for "Palestine". Auteurs de l'article « Émirat de Transjordanie » : Situation avant la Première Guerre mondiale, Construction du Levant après la chute de l'Empire ottoman, Publications de l’Institut français du Proche-Orient. Droit d'auteur : les textes des articles sont disponibles sous, Le contenu de cet article n'est qu'une copie de l'. During the eleventh session of the League of Nations' Permanent Mandates Commission in 1927, Sir John Shuckburgh summarised the status of Transjordan: It is not part of Palestine but it is part of the area administered by the British Government under the authority of the Palestine Mandate.
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